Discrimination Against Women in the United States Essay

All around the world people are being discriminated; some are discriminated because of their race, while others are because of their gender, such as women. In today world, it is no different than it was 10,000 years ago. Women are still sold into prostitution, forced to marry someone they don’t love, have no right for abortion or birth control, have little or no access to education, and have to fully rely on men. This is not fair at all, women should have right’s, they didn’t before here in the United States, but now they do (even though it still exists here). If women can have right’s here in the United States they should be able to else ware. In all discrimination against women is unfair, and unjust, because here in the U.S it is†¦show more content†¦In fact they probably can’t get a job at all. You might be thinking that the men just work harder, but in fact this happens even when women work harder than the man. It even happens when wo men have a higher position than a man; the man might actually get paid more even though that is rare. Not only is this against the law, but also one thing people actually ignore is that discrimination against women does affect our own economy. It is considered that gender discrimination is costly for all economics. The Center For Economic and Policy Research designed a growth model by choosing values to fit the boundaries. The guideline economy represented the economy of the United States. CEPR then figured out the output cost of an increase of discrimination. The findings showed that 50% of the in gender discrimination resulted in a decrease of income of around a quarter of the original income. In the end it was determined that for several countries a large portion of the difference for outcome is due to gender inequality. So basically CEPR proves that the gender inequality does affect the economy in a negative way. With this negativity in the economics than the U.S may no longer be the 5th best economy in the world. However if we find a way to completely stop discrimination than possibly this number can actually go up and eventually is the best economy in the world but right now with discrimination still going strong , weShow MoreRelatedEssay on Where Are Womens Rights?1616 Words   |  7 PagesWhere are Women Rights? Did not God create everyone equal and gave them his or her rights? Did God ever say that people should treat every human differently based on his or her gender? Who does not know about gender discrimination? Gender Discrimination, which is also called sex discrimination, was gone in the twentieth century right! This is not true. Gender discrimination still exists today around the world in many countries including the United States. Women are being discriminated directlyRead MoreWhy The United Nations Started The Program For Women885 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent discrimination out there in the world. There is sexual discrimination as well as racial or being discriminated against because of your religion. The second biggest one is gender discrimination or biased that I have heard about in recent news. There is an ad out there that is trying to raise awareness of gender discrimination. One of the main people that are trying to raise awareness of the gender discrimination are ca lled United Nations women. Which is women from the United Nations tryingRead MoreDiscrimination Research Paper1520 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Report Kevin Clerkley Discrimination Thesis Statement: Throughout the United States, there are millions of Americans who are struggling against direct and indirect discrimination. 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Some people believe that the wa ge gap is just a gender problem but it is not, it is unequal opportunities for racial and gender minorities; in fact some women that are of a certain race are paid significantly less than someone who is only of one minority. The wageRead MoreGay Rights, Gay, Lesbian, And Society1202 Words   |  5 Pagesworkforce can lead to discrimination. Gay mirages are also frowned upon by society. Unfortunately, there aren’t many laws that protect gay rights. Everyday in America, gay people are being fired, denied a job, refused promotion, or some other form of discrimination. It’s not because they don t qualify for the job it’s because they are gay. 21/50 states in the US have rights set to protect them from facing this discrimination (Eisenberg, Rebecca). 18 out of those 21 states it is illegal to fireRead MoreSocial Injustices Of The United States1535 Words   |  7 Pagessocial injustices being committed in the United States clearly, without being blinded by the hardships and the tragedies of being a poor immigrant. Throughout Hilda’s Autobiography, as well as throughout history, an immigrant woman in the United States faced extensive discrimination as well as vast and often unjust limitations on their inalienable rights as citizens of the United States. Many immigrants, especially women, were heavily discriminated against and oppressed in their home countries.Read MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641702 Words   |  7 PagesMy mother was a police officer for almost twenty years. Women have long been subject to, and the subject of, discrimination. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 originally did not include gender in the bill’s wording. Were it not for a backhanded comment made in jest by a backward congressman, women would not have been afforded equal rights protection in employment (Freeman, 1991; 2004). President Harry Truman inaugurated the legal Civil Rights Movement. Though people of color had long been yearning andRead MoreOn The Parchment Of Bias928 Words   |  4 PagesParchment of Bias Women have expressed their political allegiance long before the dawn of modern era. However, the quest for equality has always been undermined by the male dominance throughout the history. Even in the most developed countries like the United States of America, women were not entitled to the same rights and privileges as men. â€Å"In Minor v. Happersett, 88 U.S. 162 (1875), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Constitution did not grant women the right to

Essay on The Nightmare - 1084 Words

The Nightmare Dreams are often visions of the conscience that hold the most truth. In the novel, Cracking India, by Bapsi Sidhwa, the narrator Lenny, has a reoccurring nightmare that contains much truth about the state of India. In Lenny’s nightmare, Children lie in a warehouse. Mother and Ayah move about solicitously. The atmosphere is businesslike and relaxed. Godmother sits by my bed smiling indulgently as men in uniforms quietly slice off a child’s arm here, a leg there. She strokes my head as they dismember me. I feel no pain. Only an abysmal sense of loss- and a chilling horror that no one is concerned by what’s happening (Sidhwa 31). Lenny’s childhood nightmare is symbolic of the condition of India prior to†¦show more content†¦The Indians’ adoption of the British culture enables the British to remain in India and this submissiveness is shown through the metaphor of the warehouse in Lenny’s dream. Gandhi also suggests that â€Å"we keep the English in India for our base interest. We like their commerce; they please us by their subtle methods and get what they want from us† (Gandhi 216). Their subtle methods and efficient ways are described in Lenny’s nightmare as the businesslike and relaxed atmosphere. Gandhi’s point is proven in Cracking India when Colonel Bharucha suggests to a group of people that they should stop buying British salt. Dr. Manek Mody, an upper-class citizen, immediately objects because he prospers from the British presence in India and sees no reason to stop buying their salt. Dr. Mody’s failure to look past his personal profit is preci sely the chilling lack of concern about the holistic well-being of India that Lenny is referring to in the description of her nightmare. Gandhi suggests that the solution to the problem of achieving Home Rule lies in getting to the root of the matter. He proposes that â€Å"if an excess of food has caused me indigestion, I shall certainly not avoid it by blaming water† (Gandhi 215). In Lenny’s nightmare, the description of the British officers dismembering the children’s limbs is obviously disturbing. However, the underlying image of the children helplessly lying there while their supposedShow MoreRelatedThe Projectionists Nightmare1760 Words   |  8 PagesCRITICAL ANALYSIS: Explanation, Analysis, Interpretation | The Projectionists NightmareThis is the projectionist’s nightmare: A bird  finds it’s way into the cinema, finds the beam, flies down it, smashes into a scene depicting a garden, a sunset, and  two people being nice to each other. Real blood,  real intestines, slither down the likeness of a tree. ‘This is no good,’ screams the audience, ‘This is not what we came to see.’ Brian Pattenhttp://wwwRead MoreThe Horrible Nightmare Of My Brain1093 Words   |  5 Pagesroads as carefully as it possibly could, I was trembling in my bunk. I had woken up at around two in the morning, having woken up from a horrible nightmare. 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The Concept Of Teaching Practicum Education Essay Free Essays

Teaching practicum concerns readying of instructors and its usage has embraced all the learning experiences of pupil instructors in schools. The intent of reexamining related literature is to research thoughts of learning practicum. This reappraisal will discourse three chief thoughts, viz. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept Of Teaching Practicum Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now , overview of the construct of beliefs and learning practicum, theoretical model and related research surveies. 2.1 The construct of learning practicum Teaching practicum is about universally recognized today as the flood tide of a instructor ‘s professional readying in pre-service instructor instruction plans. Harmonizing to the surveies of Gower A ; Walters ( 1983 ) , the instruction pattern programme is the major indispensable constituent in professional instruction. Teaching practicum is defined as those periods of uninterrupted pattern 12 hebdomads ( depends on the peculiar instructor preparation college or university ) in school constitute an obligatory portion of the class in colleges or universities of instruction. This period of practical experience is besides called by assorted term, clinical experience, pupil instruction, learning pattern every bit good as practicum. During the instruction practicum, pupil instructor conducts schoolroom lessons and performs the responsibilities of a instructor in school. Harmonizing to the Teacher Training Division Guidelines on practicum for pre-service instructor preparation ( 2005 ) , learning practicum provide chances for pupil instructor to pattern theories in instruction and acquisition patterns and to develop single instruction and learning theories. The chief purpose of learning practicum is to bring forth effectual school instructors and non simply schoolroom instructor. Student instructors are besides provided with chances for a assortment of brushs with kids in schools. This means that pupil instructors are non merely cognize how to learn efficaciously in category but are besides able to manage co-curricular activities as good. In short, learning practicum programme is to fit future instructors with the indispensable experiences which can take to the development of their professional competences. Teaching practicum purposes for pupil instructors to maestro and pattern all the constructs, rules, accomplishments and values in order to go a p rofessional instructor. 2.2 What is belief? Harmonizing to Michaela Borg ( 2001 ) , belief is a proposition which may consciously or unconsciously held, is appraising in that it is accepted as true by the person, and at that place imbued with affectional committedness ; farther, it serves as usher to thought and bahaviour. On the other manus, Fishbein and Ajzen ( 1975 ) define belief as information, factual, and nonfactual knowledges. Cognition is described as â€Å" what person knows or assumes to be true † ( Berkowitz, 1980, p. 275 ) . No affair what is one ‘s belief, the beliefs still play an of import function in many facets of instruction, every bit good as in life. It is because these beliefs help persons make sense of the universe, act uponing how new information in perceived, and whether it is accepted or rejected. Nevertheless, beliefs differ from cognition, although they are related to each other, in that beliefs do non ever represent the truth. Beliefs are non merely considered as discipline-dependent ( Tsai, 2002 ) , but beliefs besides include apprehensions, premises, images or propositions that are felt to be true ( Kagan, 1992 Richardson, 1996 ) . 2.3 Theoretical model 2.3.1 Teachers ‘ Beliefs Shulman ( 1986 ) claimed that a instructor needs to cognize about the capable affair, to cognize a assortment of general instructional schemes, and to cognize about the specific schemes necessary for learning peculiar capable affair. Most of us would besides hold that the good instructor transforms curriculum ends and guidelines in such a manner that a peculiar pupil is able to get the hang and understand the related content. Dan Lortie states that one ‘s personal sensitivities are non merely relevant but, in fact, stand at the nucleus of going a instructor. Teachers ‘ belief is a term normally used to mention to teacher ‘s pedagogic beliefs, or those beliefs of relevancy to an single instruction. The countries most normally explored are instructors ‘ beliefs about instruction, acquisition, and scholars ; capable affair ; self as a instructor, or the function of a instructor ( Calderhead, 1995 ) . Besides that, instructors ‘ beliefs do play a cardinal function in the procedure of instructor development. Those beliefs form portion of the procedure of understanding how instructors ‘ conceptualize their work as a instructor. Tatto ‘s ( 1996, p. 155 ) of import work on beliefs concluded â€Å" laic cultural norms among enrollees are strongly ingrained and that most teacher instruction, as it is presently structured, is a weak intercession to change peculiar positions sing the instruction and direction of diverse scholars † . Another survey shows that â€Å" a individual ‘s belief system has permeant effects in different domains of activity- ideological, conceptual, perceptual, and esthetic † ( Rokeach, 1960, p. 288 ) . In add-on, Brown found that certain philosophical beliefs and educational beliefs were effectual in foretelling agreement-disagreement with experimentalism of schoolroom pattern. â€Å" Indications were that professed educational beliefs had a generalised consequence on learning behaviour ; specific cardinal beliefs were most powerful in act uponing specific schoolroom behaviours † ( Brown A ; Webb, 1968, p. 215 ) . To back up those beliefs, Clark and Peterson ( 1986 ) proposed that: The most resilient or ‘core ‘ instructors ‘ beliefs are formed on the footing of instructors ‘ ain schooling as immature pupils while detecting instructors who taught them. Subsequent instructor instruction appears non to upset these early beliefs, non least, possibly, because it seldom addresses them. If instructors really seek out a peculiar invention which does non ab initio conform to their anterior beliefs or rules and the invention proves helpful or successful, so adjustment of an alternate belief or rule is more possible than in any other circumstance. For the notice instructor, schoolroom experience and twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours interaction with co-workers has the possible to act upon peculiar relationships among beliefs and rules, and, over clip, consolidate the person ‘s substitution of them. However, it seems that greater experience does non take to greater adaptability in our beliefs and, thereby, the forsaking of strongly held pedagogic rules. Quite the contrary in fact. The more experience we have, the more reliant on our ‘core ‘ rules we have become and the less witting we are making so. Professional development which engages instructors in a direct geographic expedition if their beliefs and rules may supply the chance for greater self-awareness through contemplation and critical inquiring as get downing points for ulterior version. The instructors ‘ conceptualisations of, for illustration, linguistic communication, acquisition, and learning are situated within that individual ‘s wider belief system refering such issues as human nature, civilization, society, instruction and so on. Consequently, instructors ‘ belief about the importance of learning have a great impact on their instruction patterns ( Salmon, 1988 ) . The following subdivision will look at instructors ‘ belief about learning practicum. 2.3.2 Teachers ‘ belief about learning practicum The term ‘practicum ‘ is used generically to mention to the different types of school fond regard ; viz. , school experience, learning assistantship, learning pattern and so forth that pre-service pupils will be undergoing as portion their initial instructor readying programme. The school-based practicum is designed to enable pupil instructors to detect a instructor ‘s existent work of work, and to use and polish the cognition and accomplishments acquired through course-work in schoolroom instruction. Student instructors are to utilize the chances during the practicum to incorporate instruction theory and pattern and to widen their practical experiences. In the context of learning practicum, a pupil instructor is expected to use what they have learned theoretically. To maximise the public-service corporation of practicum, it is of import that instructor trainers actively promote the effectual acquisition during the practicum period. Effective acquisition should be concerned with the acquisition of organized wholes of cognition. It is a procedure that involves developing the ability to place the aims one is seeking and, within a flexible model, optimising a programme to run into these aims, in line with single acquisition properties. Effective acquisition besides needs to accomplish transference of cognition from the artificiality of a preparation class, to practical application where the trainees adapts acquired cognition to the sensed demands of a peculiar job or state of affairs ( Robotham, 2003 ) . Many researches claim that learning practicum is a cardinal component in most pre-service instructor instruction programmes. Many besides debates about the appraisal of the pattern of pupil instructors frequently reflect ongoing philosophical arguments about the nature of instructor instruction ( Brown, 1996 ) and traditional barriers between instructors and faculty members ( Groundwater-Smith, 1997 ) . A set of written standards used to measure the competency of pre-service secondary instructor instruction pupils during practicum. The dimensions of the appraisal protocol did non look to be based on any articulated theory of good instruction pattern, and there were important uncertainties about the extent to which the assorted groups of stakeholders had a shared apprehension of the criterions implied in the standards. In instruction what we label as criterions are socially constructed and often fuzzed ( Sadler, 1987 ) and require the shared apprehension of a concept in a community of pattern ( Wiliam, 1996 ) . 2.4 Related Research Studies 2.4.1 Pre-service instructors ‘ beliefs about learning practicum Prior to existent instruction experiences, pre-service instructors derive their initial positions on learning from at least two beginnings. First, it comes from their personal experiences as pupils, dwelling of their interactions with and exposures to assorted instructors throughout their school life, with such factors holding a inclination to act upon their grounds for calling pick, every bit good as beliefs and patterns on their professional lives ( Ben-Petetz, 2003 ; Bramald, Hardman, A ; Leat, 1995 ; Saban, 2003 ) . Second, it consequences from pre-service instructors organizing their conceptual repertories as they undergo the formal preparation provided by teacher educational plans ( Bermald, 1995 ; Dunkin, Precian, A ; Nettle, 1994 ; Nettle, 1998 ) , ab initio dwelling of theoretical cognition through foundation and methods classs, and finally come oning or climaxing into the application of such theories via the alleged pattern instruction. Few surveies have been done in pre-service instructors. The undermentioned premises are cardinal to a justification of pattern as a portion of the preparation of instructors: Teaching is behavior, and as behaviour is capable to analysis, alteration, and betterment. Much of the accustomed behaviour which persons have developed in other contexts is inappropriate for the instruction state of affairs. Under present conditions, much instruction is conducted under conditions of emphasis. Teaching is an highly complex sort of behaviour, affecting the full scope of idea procedures, communicating and physical action. Teachers, through pattern can larn to analyse, knock and command their ain instruction behaviour. Practice has the double intent of preparation and the riddance of the unfit. Practice provides the experience which gives intending to many other facets of direction in instruction ( learning ) . The beliefs of pre-service TESL instructors have may deserve their ain geographic expedition. These beliefs may act upon pupils in acquisition of cognition, choice and definition of specific learning undertakings, and reading of cognition, and reading of class content. Puchta ( 1999 ) asserts that ‘beliefs are steering rules of our pupils ‘ behaviour and strong perceptual filtersaˆÂ ¦ they act as if they were true ‘ . On the other manus, Dunkin ( 1994 ) claims that how student-teachers ‘ positions on instruction may be influenced by formal learning practicum programme. Kennedy ( 1996 ) hypothesizes that ‘real and effectual alteration in instructors ‘ patterns can merely happen through a alteration in their beliefsaˆÂ ¦ the manner instructors behave ‘ . How to cite The Concept Of Teaching Practicum Education Essay, Essay examples

The Concept Of Teaching Practicum Education Essay Free Essays

Teaching practicum concerns readying of instructors and its usage has embraced all the learning experiences of pupil instructors in schools. The intent of reexamining related literature is to research thoughts of learning practicum. This reappraisal will discourse three chief thoughts, viz. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept Of Teaching Practicum Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now , overview of the construct of beliefs and learning practicum, theoretical model and related research surveies. 2.1 The construct of learning practicum Teaching practicum is about universally recognized today as the flood tide of a instructor ‘s professional readying in pre-service instructor instruction plans. Harmonizing to the surveies of Gower A ; Walters ( 1983 ) , the instruction pattern programme is the major indispensable constituent in professional instruction. Teaching practicum is defined as those periods of uninterrupted pattern 12 hebdomads ( depends on the peculiar instructor preparation college or university ) in school constitute an obligatory portion of the class in colleges or universities of instruction. This period of practical experience is besides called by assorted term, clinical experience, pupil instruction, learning pattern every bit good as practicum. During the instruction practicum, pupil instructor conducts schoolroom lessons and performs the responsibilities of a instructor in school. Harmonizing to the Teacher Training Division Guidelines on practicum for pre-service instructor preparation ( 2005 ) , learning practicum provide chances for pupil instructor to pattern theories in instruction and acquisition patterns and to develop single instruction and learning theories. The chief purpose of learning practicum is to bring forth effectual school instructors and non simply schoolroom instructor. Student instructors are besides provided with chances for a assortment of brushs with kids in schools. This means that pupil instructors are non merely cognize how to learn efficaciously in category but are besides able to manage co-curricular activities as good. In short, learning practicum programme is to fit future instructors with the indispensable experiences which can take to the development of their professional competences. Teaching practicum purposes for pupil instructors to maestro and pattern all the constructs, rules, accomplishments and values in order to go a p rofessional instructor. 2.2 What is belief? Harmonizing to Michaela Borg ( 2001 ) , belief is a proposition which may consciously or unconsciously held, is appraising in that it is accepted as true by the person, and at that place imbued with affectional committedness ; farther, it serves as usher to thought and bahaviour. On the other manus, Fishbein and Ajzen ( 1975 ) define belief as information, factual, and nonfactual knowledges. Cognition is described as â€Å" what person knows or assumes to be true † ( Berkowitz, 1980, p. 275 ) . No affair what is one ‘s belief, the beliefs still play an of import function in many facets of instruction, every bit good as in life. It is because these beliefs help persons make sense of the universe, act uponing how new information in perceived, and whether it is accepted or rejected. Nevertheless, beliefs differ from cognition, although they are related to each other, in that beliefs do non ever represent the truth. Beliefs are non merely considered as discipline-dependent ( Tsai, 2002 ) , but beliefs besides include apprehensions, premises, images or propositions that are felt to be true ( Kagan, 1992 Richardson, 1996 ) . 2.3 Theoretical model 2.3.1 Teachers ‘ Beliefs Shulman ( 1986 ) claimed that a instructor needs to cognize about the capable affair, to cognize a assortment of general instructional schemes, and to cognize about the specific schemes necessary for learning peculiar capable affair. Most of us would besides hold that the good instructor transforms curriculum ends and guidelines in such a manner that a peculiar pupil is able to get the hang and understand the related content. Dan Lortie states that one ‘s personal sensitivities are non merely relevant but, in fact, stand at the nucleus of going a instructor. Teachers ‘ belief is a term normally used to mention to teacher ‘s pedagogic beliefs, or those beliefs of relevancy to an single instruction. The countries most normally explored are instructors ‘ beliefs about instruction, acquisition, and scholars ; capable affair ; self as a instructor, or the function of a instructor ( Calderhead, 1995 ) . Besides that, instructors ‘ beliefs do play a cardinal function in the procedure of instructor development. Those beliefs form portion of the procedure of understanding how instructors ‘ conceptualize their work as a instructor. Tatto ‘s ( 1996, p. 155 ) of import work on beliefs concluded â€Å" laic cultural norms among enrollees are strongly ingrained and that most teacher instruction, as it is presently structured, is a weak intercession to change peculiar positions sing the instruction and direction of diverse scholars † . Another survey shows that â€Å" a individual ‘s belief system has permeant effects in different domains of activity- ideological, conceptual, perceptual, and esthetic † ( Rokeach, 1960, p. 288 ) . In add-on, Brown found that certain philosophical beliefs and educational beliefs were effectual in foretelling agreement-disagreement with experimentalism of schoolroom pattern. â€Å" Indications were that professed educational beliefs had a generalised consequence on learning behaviour ; specific cardinal beliefs were most powerful in act uponing specific schoolroom behaviours † ( Brown A ; Webb, 1968, p. 215 ) . To back up those beliefs, Clark and Peterson ( 1986 ) proposed that: The most resilient or ‘core ‘ instructors ‘ beliefs are formed on the footing of instructors ‘ ain schooling as immature pupils while detecting instructors who taught them. Subsequent instructor instruction appears non to upset these early beliefs, non least, possibly, because it seldom addresses them. If instructors really seek out a peculiar invention which does non ab initio conform to their anterior beliefs or rules and the invention proves helpful or successful, so adjustment of an alternate belief or rule is more possible than in any other circumstance. For the notice instructor, schoolroom experience and twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours interaction with co-workers has the possible to act upon peculiar relationships among beliefs and rules, and, over clip, consolidate the person ‘s substitution of them. However, it seems that greater experience does non take to greater adaptability in our beliefs and, thereby, the forsaking of strongly held pedagogic rules. Quite the contrary in fact. The more experience we have, the more reliant on our ‘core ‘ rules we have become and the less witting we are making so. Professional development which engages instructors in a direct geographic expedition if their beliefs and rules may supply the chance for greater self-awareness through contemplation and critical inquiring as get downing points for ulterior version. The instructors ‘ conceptualisations of, for illustration, linguistic communication, acquisition, and learning are situated within that individual ‘s wider belief system refering such issues as human nature, civilization, society, instruction and so on. Consequently, instructors ‘ belief about the importance of learning have a great impact on their instruction patterns ( Salmon, 1988 ) . The following subdivision will look at instructors ‘ belief about learning practicum. 2.3.2 Teachers ‘ belief about learning practicum The term ‘practicum ‘ is used generically to mention to the different types of school fond regard ; viz. , school experience, learning assistantship, learning pattern and so forth that pre-service pupils will be undergoing as portion their initial instructor readying programme. The school-based practicum is designed to enable pupil instructors to detect a instructor ‘s existent work of work, and to use and polish the cognition and accomplishments acquired through course-work in schoolroom instruction. Student instructors are to utilize the chances during the practicum to incorporate instruction theory and pattern and to widen their practical experiences. In the context of learning practicum, a pupil instructor is expected to use what they have learned theoretically. To maximise the public-service corporation of practicum, it is of import that instructor trainers actively promote the effectual acquisition during the practicum period. Effective acquisition should be concerned with the acquisition of organized wholes of cognition. It is a procedure that involves developing the ability to place the aims one is seeking and, within a flexible model, optimising a programme to run into these aims, in line with single acquisition properties. Effective acquisition besides needs to accomplish transference of cognition from the artificiality of a preparation class, to practical application where the trainees adapts acquired cognition to the sensed demands of a peculiar job or state of affairs ( Robotham, 2003 ) . Many researches claim that learning practicum is a cardinal component in most pre-service instructor instruction programmes. Many besides debates about the appraisal of the pattern of pupil instructors frequently reflect ongoing philosophical arguments about the nature of instructor instruction ( Brown, 1996 ) and traditional barriers between instructors and faculty members ( Groundwater-Smith, 1997 ) . A set of written standards used to measure the competency of pre-service secondary instructor instruction pupils during practicum. The dimensions of the appraisal protocol did non look to be based on any articulated theory of good instruction pattern, and there were important uncertainties about the extent to which the assorted groups of stakeholders had a shared apprehension of the criterions implied in the standards. In instruction what we label as criterions are socially constructed and often fuzzed ( Sadler, 1987 ) and require the shared apprehension of a concept in a community of pattern ( Wiliam, 1996 ) . 2.4 Related Research Studies 2.4.1 Pre-service instructors ‘ beliefs about learning practicum Prior to existent instruction experiences, pre-service instructors derive their initial positions on learning from at least two beginnings. First, it comes from their personal experiences as pupils, dwelling of their interactions with and exposures to assorted instructors throughout their school life, with such factors holding a inclination to act upon their grounds for calling pick, every bit good as beliefs and patterns on their professional lives ( Ben-Petetz, 2003 ; Bramald, Hardman, A ; Leat, 1995 ; Saban, 2003 ) . Second, it consequences from pre-service instructors organizing their conceptual repertories as they undergo the formal preparation provided by teacher educational plans ( Bermald, 1995 ; Dunkin, Precian, A ; Nettle, 1994 ; Nettle, 1998 ) , ab initio dwelling of theoretical cognition through foundation and methods classs, and finally come oning or climaxing into the application of such theories via the alleged pattern instruction. Few surveies have been done in pre-service instructors. The undermentioned premises are cardinal to a justification of pattern as a portion of the preparation of instructors: Teaching is behavior, and as behaviour is capable to analysis, alteration, and betterment. Much of the accustomed behaviour which persons have developed in other contexts is inappropriate for the instruction state of affairs. Under present conditions, much instruction is conducted under conditions of emphasis. Teaching is an highly complex sort of behaviour, affecting the full scope of idea procedures, communicating and physical action. Teachers, through pattern can larn to analyse, knock and command their ain instruction behaviour. Practice has the double intent of preparation and the riddance of the unfit. Practice provides the experience which gives intending to many other facets of direction in instruction ( learning ) . The beliefs of pre-service TESL instructors have may deserve their ain geographic expedition. These beliefs may act upon pupils in acquisition of cognition, choice and definition of specific learning undertakings, and reading of cognition, and reading of class content. Puchta ( 1999 ) asserts that ‘beliefs are steering rules of our pupils ‘ behaviour and strong perceptual filtersaˆÂ ¦ they act as if they were true ‘ . On the other manus, Dunkin ( 1994 ) claims that how student-teachers ‘ positions on instruction may be influenced by formal learning practicum programme. Kennedy ( 1996 ) hypothesizes that ‘real and effectual alteration in instructors ‘ patterns can merely happen through a alteration in their beliefsaˆÂ ¦ the manner instructors behave ‘ . How to cite The Concept Of Teaching Practicum Education Essay, Essay examples

Crafting and Executing Strategy Essay Example

Crafting and Executing Strategy Essay Crafting and Executing Strategy Name: Instructor: Course: We will write a custom essay sample on Crafting and Executing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Crafting and Executing Strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Crafting and Executing Strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Date: Crafting and Executing Strategy 1. Develop an argument supporting the importance of a strategic plan for the success of the defined business The Hershey Company, commonly known as the Hershey’s or Hershey Foods Company since 2005, is considered the largest manufacturer of chocolate in North America with its headquarters in Hershey, Pennsylvania. In general, a strategic plan is the process covering the defining of strategy, directing and making effective decisions within the company, as well as resource allocation decisions that fit the business and its environment best. A strategic plan is specially designed to guarantee the expansion and growth of a business. It provides guidelines and directs the business towards the plan. This makes it possible to manage the business at an active pace while maintaining a focus on the defined goals and objectives. As a business professional, I completely understand the importance of a strategic plan for Hershey Company. It is quite significant considering it purposes to match up the business strength to the opportunities available within the market. At the same time, it provides direction and guidelines upon which to follow in order to achieve the set goals and objectives. It can cover all areas of a business, including marketing, finance, production, and sales amongst other areas. A strategic plan brings all these areas together and directs them towards the goal of the company. Therefore, it is extremely necessary that Hershey Company develop a strategic plan in order to allow flourishing and growth of the business (Junka, 2011). It turns out that businesses that make use of a strategic plan attain best results, and are in a better position to deal with the volatility of both external and internal environment. More so, the chocolate business will have a better track to follow to arrive at its defined goals and objectives without failing (Junka, 2011). To ensure things within the business are moving seamlessly from one department to the other, it is necessary to have a strategic plan. To see growth within the company, a blueprint is required which every member of the organization follows in order to realize the set goals at every level. More so, it is almost impossible to control a business such as this that incorporates several departments like a long supply chain without having to bring to them together. Strategic plans purport to do this. Thus, a strategic plan for Hershey Company is crucial to see the development and growth of the company in long-term and short-term, as well as ensure control of the whole business. 2. Create a mission statement for the company explaining how the mission will be essential to the company’s success. Within the strategic planning, a mission statement comes in to give a broad picture, define the business and the purpose of its existence. Thus, it provides a path through which all the goals and objectives are to be directed. Its main purpose is stating the fundamental or primary reason for the establishment of the business. Hershey is a chocolate business with its main purpose being to offer clients sweetness through food. The mission statement of Hershey in this case is â€Å"to ensure that all clients all over the whole world receive the sweetness and happiness of Hershey every day.† This mission statement summarizes what the company exists to do, its market, which is the whole world, and its future. People love chocolate and associate it with happy moments. From the mission statement, one realizes the company aims at providing its customers with happy moments from its sweet food. Thus, workers are able to concentrate in producing sweet chocolate for the clients. Additionally, the mission statement describes the target market, which is the world. While formulating goals and objectives, the company will aim at capturing the whole world. Thus, the managers have to lay strategies for reaching out to the world. The mission statement further describes the future through mentioning of every day. Thus, all members of the organization will have to work hard every single day to ensure the world receives its sweet moments. The mission statement sets out the guideline for formulating strategies within the company. It further provides a blueprint upon which the goals and objectives are to be defined. After defining this mission statement, the company has to communicate it to the members, so they know what the organization intends to achieve. One cannot achieve anything without a mission. Thus, defining the mission of the business ensures that the members have a clear picture of what is expected. At this point, the members are aware of the purpose of the business is to provide customers with sweet quality chocolate. Thus, all their efforts and goals are directed towards the mission statement. 3. Create a vision statement for the company explaining how the vision statement supports the company’s mission Unlike a mission statement that is short-term, a vision statement provides a long-term view of the company, describing its future. A vision statement provides a picture of the company in the future and communicates it to the members. It states where the company wishes to be in the future, providing a guideline for defining goals, as well. This is quite crucial in order to make good progress and growth (Kenny, 2012). Without a vision, there is hardly any direction. One must have something they wish to achieve in order to focus their effort. For Hershey, it might want to become the worldwide leader in offering the world the best chocolate. The vision would be, to become the worldwide leader in providing customers with the best chocolate. This further supports the mission statement through providing a picture of the organization in the future. The vision is to become the best in the world in its industry while the mission is to provide the best chocolate. While the mission states the ex istence of the company, the vision states what the company wishes to be in the future through achieving its mission (Simerson, 2011). 4. Five (5) key objectives for the company encompassing operational, financial, and human resource aspects of the business and justify why each of these objectives is essential to the success of the business. In order to achieve the mission and vision of the company, operational, financial, and human resource objectives among others have to be formulated. For Hershey Company, the five objectives would be, attain and maintain high operational standards, ensure optimal production by producing maximum output with the least inputs, minimizing the costs while still maintaining quality, developing human resources for optimal performance and formulating strategies aimed at achieving the set goals within specified time (King Saylor, 2012). These objectives ensure that the business will have a chance to grow, as well as meet the mission and vision of the company. Attaining high operational standards ensures that the workers within the company and the operations move seamlessly to enhance production within all the departments. Without seamless operations in the company, it would be hard to achieve any goals. After ensuring high operating standards, it would be easy to achieve optimal production since workers can use the least inputs to achieve the best output possible (Kenny, 2012). Development of human resources is one of the best ways of ensuring quality and increased performance. Additionally, costs should be minimized for financial benefits. Finally, good strategies ensure to provide the company with a nice move upon which to achieve the goals. 5. How the five (5) key objectives established support the mission and vision statements of the company as defined in the assignment The five key objectives are formulated and designed to achieve the mission and vision of the company. Without such objectives that ensure operations are running smoothly within the organization, achieving the mission statement would be next to impossibility. For instance, the objective of developing human resource ensures that the organization has top talent to achieve the goals and objectives (King Saylor, 2012). The objectives are designed to ensure the company is running smoothly in its operations, which focus on achieving the mission and vision statement. Thus, the business would be in a position to achieve best possible results using the formulated objectives, thus ensuring the mission and vision of the company is both achieved. References Junca, J. Pelaez, J. (2011). Optimal Execution Strategy: Price Impact and Transaction Cost. Berkeley, CA. King, B. Saylor, C. (2012). The Importance of, and Resources for, Successful Strategic Planning. The University of North Carolina at Pembroke (UNCP ) Kenny, G. (2012). Strategic Planning and Performance Management. New York, N.Y: Routledge. Simerson, B. K. (2011). Strategic planning: A practical guide to strategy formulation and execution. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger.

How to Get a Job in Another State

How to Get a Job in Another State Maybe your partner or your spouse is being transferred. Maybe you’re just graduating from a far-off college and want to live and work closer to home. Or maybe you just need a change of scenery. For most people, the most stressful and important part about moving is finding employment in a new city. Unless you work remotely, this can be tricky. Here are 6 ways you can make potential employers confident in hiring you as an out-of-state applicant.1. Ditch your home address.At best, your home address is irrelevant to your qualifications for the job. At worst, it could turn off hiring managers who don’t want to pay relocation expenses, or aren’t sure about your commitment or ability to move and start in a timely fashion.If you absolutely need a home address, you can get yourself a local mailbox that will forward to you through Mailboxes, Etc. If your phone number is holding you back, you can get a Google phone number with the area code of your target state.2. Do your r esearch.The more you know about the place you want to go the better. What are the major industries? What does the job market look like? Figure out through the Chambers of Commerce and the state or city’s Office of Economic Development which jobs are hot and therefore easier to land. If you don’t know where exactly you want to move, research instead what states and cities are best for the field you want to work in. Finally, see if it feels like a place where you would really want to live.Check out the following:Top 5 Jobs in the WestTop 5 Jobs in the NortheastTop 5 Jobs in the SouthwestTop 5 Jobs in the MidwestTop 5 Jobs in the Southeast3. Grow your network.Tap into your existing network to mine for contacts who might be able to help you get your foot in the door somewhere else- particularly your alumni network. Ask for email introductions to local companies or contacts. Visit if you can. No matter what, start building your own network there through social media sites a nd LinkedIn. Join a local meet-up or LinkedIn group for updates.4. Take care of your own moving logistics.To avoid missing out on opportunities with companies that don’t want to pay to help you move, there are ways to let them know you’re willing to handle the move logistics and expenses yourself. A line in your cover letter addressing the issue works. You could always make it clear that you are already living in the city, staying with a friend or subletting, pending your job search.If you can be there physically, it’s never inappropriate to mention when you’ll be there and available for an interview. Employers will be much more eager to hire you if they don’t have to pay for relocation.5. Be smart about money.Figure out the logistics of your financial situation in your new state before you get there. Bone up on the relative cost-of-living, the average salary range for your industry and role, how far your money will go when you live there, and how much you require. Figure out your target state’s tax code to assess your liabilities.6. Assure them you  will be moving.Remember, no potential employer wants to hear you waffling. Be willing to talk about it- and when you do, be honest. Don’t make promises to interview if you cannot make it. Ask instead for a Skype interview, if possible. But do make sure to make it clear that you are moving, not just that you’re considering it. Make them know you’re as safe a bet as someone already living down the street.

Acid Base Science Fair Project Ideas

Acid Base Science Fair Project Ideas Are you looking for a science fair idea involving acids, bases, or pH? Here are some ideas to get you started: Measure the amount of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in orange juice (or another juice). Test to see how the amount of vitamin C changes after the juice is exposed to air (or light or heat).Simulate acid rain by adding an acid to water. You can use pH paper to test whether the acidity is changed after water runs through different types of soil or through plant root systems.Is the acidity of apples (malic acid) affected by their ripeness?See if you can make your own pH indicator from common plants or chemicals.Measure the pH of common acidic beverages (soft drinks, lemonade, orange juice, tomato juice, milk, etc.) and examine how easily they corrode metal (such as iron). Another idea: which is more corrosive? A salt solution or an acidic liquid?Do all brands of orange juice contain the same amount of ascorbic acid?Compare the effects of different acidic fruit juices and liquids (e.g., vinegar) at preventing apple browning.Which animals saliva has the lowest pH? You could test humans, dogs, cats, possibly other species. What is the effect of pH on growth or survivability of daphnia (an aquatic crustacean)? You could test other factors too, such as salinity or the presence of detergent in the water.How does the pH of the water affect tadpole development?Does acid rain (real or simulated) affect the number and type of organelles seen in algae under the microscope?Which is a better conductor of electricity, an acid or a base?Does the pH of water affect the growth or survivability of mosquito larvae?